Sexual Abuse Is Long Lasting And Follow A Person Into...

The effects of sexual abuse are long lasting and follow a person into their adulthood, which causes issues in forming strong and healthy relationships as adults. Furthermore, when involving a child and a parental figure, these issues become even more prominent, as they affect relationships both at home and in the future. Through her collection of poetry, Rupi Kaur expresses her own experience with the sexual abuse she experienced from her father. The first section of Milk and Honey displays how sexual abuse affects the way Kaur views sex and love, as well as the changes in her relationship with her parents. The following sections follow Kaur towards healing and learning to love herself. Milk and Honey presents the negative effects felt by†¦show more content†¦Through this peom, Kaur reveals the identity of her abuser to be her father. Kaur leaves out the identity purposefully because sexual abuse committed by family members is much more serious and comes as a shock to the r eader, and despite it happening in 3 out of 10 sexual abuse cases. People often think of perpetrators to be strangers or mere acquaintances. From this point on, Kaur ties together the idea of family relations with the effect of the rape. Family are meant to bring comfort and trust, and when that trust is betrayed, recovery is difficult. The strain that is put on Kaur’s ties with her family is apparent, not only through what her father did to her, but also through the words associated with her mother and father. Kaur describes the relationship between her mother and father as being one of another form of abuse, this one emotional. Kaur’s father often silences her mother, much as women are silenced in homes of dominating men. Kaur is â€Å" quote about inability to see if mother loves father†. This suggests the lack of love and trust between all three people in the house, as Kaur is physically dominated by her father and her mother is emotionally dominated by him. This further affected Kaur’s ability to speak out for herself or to identify warning signs of abusive relationships, as she has learned that abuse is normal. Kaur discusses the confusion of anger and kindness, which other victims of sexual abuse also tend to exhibit. This confusion causesShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Explaining Behavior Through Observation1719 Words   |  7 Pages Adolescent Psychology Term Paper Jamila Williams Tuskegee University Behavioral psychology is based on the concept of explaining behavior through observation. Behaviorists, psychologist that study behavior, believe a person can be understood through observing their behavior. This school of psychology assumes that we are born as a blank state and everyone is equal. However, environmental factors are what leads to us behaving differently from one another. American Psychologist and FounderRead MoreChildhood Trauma And Depression In Adulthood1708 Words   |  7 Pages Childhood trauma and Depression in Adulthood Misha StMichael Intro to Psychology Paul Rabideau October 13, 2017 Research Article Childhood Trauma and Its Relation to Chronic Depression in Adulthood by the University of Kassel, Psychoanalytic Psychology,shows that childhood trauma is significantly involved in the development of depression. The aim of a study by Sigmund Freud institute, â€Å"was to examine the prevalence of retrospectively recalled childhood trauma in chronically depressed patientsRead MoreThe Canadian Government And The Aboriginal People1503 Words   |  7 Pageschildren faced much of. Oppression is defined as the social act of placing severe restrictions on an individual, group, or institution. The ultimate goal of oppression is to keep the people who have no power, out of power. Those who are in power will abuse it and take advantage of that. Eventually, Aboriginals faced empowerment. Empowerment understanding that people have rights, learning to think critically, knowing that communities and individuals have decision making power, learning about and expressingRead MoreChildhood Abuse And Sexual Of Adult Women2211 Words   |  9 Pages Childhood abuse and sexual revictimization of adult women Sexual abuse can be very devastating to an individual both short term and long term. Being a victim of abuse is important to recognize and understand because of the long lasting negative effects of psychological problems and interpersonal distress that are often associated with the abuse (Messman Long, 2003). Abuse can happen to anyone, young or old, at any time in their life. Childhood abuse, in particular, is believed to increaseRead MoreDesign Research Proposal1022 Words   |  5 Pageswho will then provide feedback to the researchers. Sampling Families who are currently undergoing investigation or have been investigated within the past year for child maltreatment in Pennsylvania will be asked to participate in the study. Each person will be informed that participation is voluntary and informed consent will be collected at sign-up by the researchers. The ideal sample size for this study would be 100 families chosen at random from a list of possible volunteers. The sampling frameRead MoreDomestic Violence : Violence Between Adult Intimate Partners1632 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence Introduction Domestic Violence isn t just hitting, or fighting, or an occasional mean argument. It s a chronic abuse of power. The abuser tortures and controls the victim by calculated threats, intimidation, and physical violence. Actual physical violence is often the end result of months or years of intimidation and control. Defining the problem: Domestic violence is violence between adult intimate partners. Though the definition above seems simple enough (it is widely acceptedRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesforty-four -point seven million people struggling with PTSD. Not only a soldier returning home from war experiences PTSD. Any person that has experienced a traumatic situation can have the potential of experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Such as, experiencing a natural disaster, a serious accident, a life-threatening illness, physical abuse, sexual assault during childhood or adulthood or any other situation that invokes feelings of helplessness or intense fear. PTSD can be caused by several ways, from geneticsRead MoreSexual Abuse Causes Long Lasting Effects That Follow A1771 Words   |  8 PagesSexual abuse causes long lasting effects that follow a person into adulthood. This results in issues in forming strong and healthy relationships as adults. Furthermore, when involved a child and a parental figure, these issues become even m ore prominent, as they affect relationships both at home and in personal life. Through her poetry collection, Rupi Kaur expresses her own experience with the sexual abuse she experienced. The first section of Milk and Honey displays how sexual abuse affects theRead MoreChildhood Sexual Abuse Left Untreated Can Contribute to2000 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse Left Untreated Can Contribute To Juvenile Delinquency and Psychological Disorders. Every year thousands of children are abused. This abuse can be physical, emotional or sexual in nature. All forms of abuse are wrong, all forms of abuse are harmful, but childhood sexual abuse can cause major emotional and physical harm in our adolescents. Before we can properly treat these victims we must first have a solid grasp of how and why sexual abuse occurs, the typical effectsRead MoreHow Boys Become Men:A Rites Of Passage For African-American1387 Words   |  6 Pagesof Passage for African-American Boys Adolescence can be the most crucial part of a person’s development. It is the time of transition into adulthood. The experiences gathered this time of a person’s life have lasting effects that linger long into adulthood. Proper guidance and support during this time is a person’s life is essential to ensuring that the person is able to become a successful adult in society. However, many African-American youth are lacking this type of support and guidance during

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response - 956 Words

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response Crystal Lusk Walden University Family, Community, and Population-Based Care 4011-12 March 19, 2014 Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response A disaster is an event that is a natural or man-made occurrence that can disrupt or destroy the lives of those it affects (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Management of a disaster includes four phases; prevention, preparedness, response and recovery (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Hawaii’s isolation in the pacific lends itself to the possibility of many disasters from; floods, hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes, pandemics, and volcano eruptions (Schaefers, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to study emergency preparedness and response to†¦show more content†¦Handing out fliers on emergency kit preparation to the community through emergency preparedness fairs and health centers is one way to educate the public. During the recovery phase, the PHN assists the community to return to a state of normalcy as quick as possible. Recovery is often difficult and requires long-term support of the community health nurse in collaboration with state and national efforts aid (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). A nursing approach to recovery is to remain flexible and continually assess community needs and determine interventions that help to achieve pre-disaster life (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). Many of Hawaii’s PHN are not prepared for an emergency or disaster so training through participation in disaster drills or actual disaster events is crucial (Baack Alfred, 2013). A best practice strategy is participation in one of the Hawaii disaster preparedness organizations such as; The Hawaii Medical Reserve Corps, which members are a cumulative of physician and nurse volunteers who want to serve their community when a disaster or public health emergency strikes (HMRC, 2014). The attendance of meetings, participation in preparedness exercises, and assistance in non-emergent community health activities all help the PHN to be prepared to respond quickly when needed in a disaster (HMRC, 2014). Summary Hawaii is known for its natural disasters from floods, earthquakes, and the changing environment, and also fromShow MoreRelatedEmergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools979 Words   |  4 PagesEmergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools Jennifer Cox Walden University NURS 4010 Section 06, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care May 5, 2013 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND DISASTER RESPONSE IN SCHOOLS The professional nurse uses clinical judgment and decision making skills to provide appropriate nursing care and collaborates with other health care professionals responding to the emergency or disaster. 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The following sections of the Charlotte Food Festival’s disaster preparedness/emergencyRead MoreOccupational Health And Safety Policies1680 Words   |  7 Pagescase of an accident or emergency †¢ Improved quality of your products because your site is better managed Retention of workforce †¢ Increased worker loyalty because they’re satisfied with the way the factory treats them and their working environment Improved reputation †¢ Improved reputation as a good employer †¢ Improved reputation as a high-quality supplier with your customers Emergency Response including Fire Safety Introduction Emergency Preparedness is the discipline of dealingRead MorePreparedness and Emergency Management1355 Words   |  6 PagesTransfer Between Preparedness and Emergency Management Thomas R. Hamblin University of Massachusetts at Lowell Abstract This paper examines a case study about the transfer of knowledge between preparedness and emergency response as conducted by Kerstin Erikkson of Lund, Sweden University. Erikkson (2009) conducted the case study by analyzing emergency response following Gudrun, a storm with hurricane force wind gusts that struck the South of Sweden in January 2005. This disaster caused significantRead MoreDisasters Caused Destruction On The Health Of The Public1290 Words   |  6 Pagescaused destruction, various injuries and death. Preparation for the disasters and effective response actions when the disaster occurs can help minimize the long-term effects of the disaster. Today, disasters are of even greater concern than in the past. The frequency of disaster events has increased, due to, in part increasing technology. Human communities are also much more condensed, increasing the potential for exposure to disasters. Furthermore, due to increasing population size and new technologiesRead MoreEmerg ency Preparedness And Disaster Preparedness1329 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Preparedness is known to be the discipline of dealing with and avoiding both natural and man-made disasters. It involves mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters and public health threats. Emergency preparedness requires a partnership among all levels of government (local, State, and Federal) and the private sector (business and industry, voluntary organizations, and the public). Successful preparedness requires detailed planning and cooperationRead MoreDisaster Preparedness At The Houston Methodist Hospital Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pages DISASTER PREPREDNESS IN HOSPITALS Name Institution Date Disaster Preparedness; Interview and Findings In day to day operations, uncertainties do occur. Henceforth it would be important to have a contingent and well detailed disaster preparedness plan and procedures. Healthcare systems, on a day to day basis, are faced with emergencies in form of disasters. As a result, majority of medical centers have well-structured exit plans in the event of a disaster occurring(Hospital Disaster Preparedness:Read MoreEmergency Planning And Community And Emergency Preparedness911 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In the recent past, disasters such as the massive fire that erupted from a hotel in Dubai’s Torch tower on the new Year’s Eve, earthquakes in countries like India, China and Japan that led to thousands of deaths and destruction of manufacturing companies, as well as hurricaneshave raised concern about the safety of workplaces. Some disasters such as floods and winter storms can be predicted early enough, while others, such as earthquakes, terror attacks and collapse of buildings have

Gateway Selection in Wireless Mesh Networks

Question: A Research Proposal with Abstract, Research Goals, Background, Significant, Research Method, Ethical Issues, Facilities and Resources, Data Storage, Timeline and References headings. Answer: Abstract This paper covers the issues with gateway selection method and designs in wireless mesh network. The paper discussed about the topic and how the issues have evolved, what the impacts are and what may be future directions in solving the issues. It covers a range of literature on this topic to get adequate insight in the topic. Research Goals The goals of the research is to understand the topic deeply and then understand the issues related with the topic. The extensive research and literature review will give knowledge on the subject so that the solutions to the problems can be found out. In this research proposal, it will just give a detailed outline of the topic and future research. Background Information and communication technologies have become advanced and efficient in last few decades. The improvement is radical and it has made the broadband technologies and internet more robust and wide spread. Internet has become an integral part of any communication technology. It carries various type of information and offers different type of network services. The speed of data transmission has also improved. Now a days, Internet can be accessed from any smart phone, PDA, laptop, computer and several other smart devices. Wireless internet connection through wireless LANs at public places like airports, stations etc. All these have led to the wireless mesh network. Wireless mesh network is a topic that is being studied and researched in academia and industry extensively. This has added mobility to access to the Internet. In a wireless mesh network, the nodes are interconnected through some predefined set of gateways. Gateways are same as other nodes with some special features. A wireless mesh network consists of several multihop and wireless routers. These routers communicate through radio transmissions with other routers and nodes. [1] Gateways are used mainly for providing a wide area connectivity to the nodes attached to the network. Deployment of wireless mesh network can be done using IEEE 802.16 standard. [2] There are several amendments of this publication. Also, there have been a number of testing or pre deployment phases that have been planned parallel to the standardization process. Currently, a larger and multihop wireless mesh network includes more than a single gateway for connecting to the Internet. Previously, a single gateway called root node was used to provide access to the Internet. But introduction of multiple gateways in the network allows flexibility in the deployment and selection of the gateways. [3], [4]. So, use and selection of multiple gateways in a wireless mesh network has raised several design aspects. [5] For example, The selection of a gateway. Assignment of the gateway nodes. Routing through the selected gateways during a multihop data transmission. Now, the focus of this research is on selection of the gateways. Significance Wireless mesh networks are significant due to various reasons. Thus the factor of selection of gateway in wireless mesh network is becoming an important concern. [6] IEEE 802.11 based LANs are still in use and sometimes these are used as backbones in wireless mesh networks. These networks use static WMRs or wireless mesh routers. These WMRs create a multihop backbone to the IEEE 802.11 based LANs. It becomes last mile and high speed internet connection. Some of the special WMRs are used for connecting the wireless mesh network with IP addresses for accessing Internet. The routing is performed by the routers that are also used as access points in wireless mesh network. The backhaul routing strategy is used here. Here the main concern is maintenances of the connectivity and finding proper route. So gateway selection is an important part here. [7] Researches have shown some efficient gateway selection schemes for this cases. Future standards for wireless mesh networks can be developed based on these selection schemes with a little modification. The metrics used for selection of gateways are, route interference, gateway load and path quality. [8], [9], [10] Other than technical advantages, wireless mesh networks are low cost solutions in internetworking. So, this is another reason behind the popularity of wireless mesh networks. Other than cost savings the advantages of WMPs are, easier deployment, robust architecture, reliable coverage, stability in topology etc. For handling disaster recovery situations WMNs are very useful in storing back the network. Thus, WMNs and selection of gateways in WMNs is very useful subject to study. In future, it may help in redefining the network structures and standards. Gateway selection in WMNs has significance in optimizing the performance of the network and in distribution of network traffic. [11] Selection of different routers in a WMN will lead to achieve different throughputs on capacity of the network. Researches have shown several outcomes in this context. [12] There are several methods and algorithms for efficient routing management, congestion control etc. Literature Review There have been several researches going on for the topic of selection of gateways in wireless mesh networks. The main problem of gateway selection is about selecting the right access points in the wireless mesh network as gateways to the Internet. So that, the objective function of minimization of transmission of total traffic through the gateways is optimized. The reduction in the amount of transmitted traffic will reduce the chances of link failure and delay in communication. The problem is solved by setting an objective function by assuming that each of the nodes in the mesh network will have some demand for network traffic. Mathematically the selection problem can be expressed as, given the interference model of the network and number of gateways as k, the solution will have all k gateways placed in the mesh network. The total through put is maximized from the network. It ensures some degree of fairness is terms of loads among all nodes in the network. A deployment using grids c an implement optimization through a cross layer throughput. The wireless communication technologies have advanced a lot in last decades. At the same time internet has got a significant growth. Wireless mesh networks are evolving due to these changes. Now, network operators face challenges in designing mesh networks effectively. The design of the topology, routing considerations and placement of gateways are main areas to focus in wireless mesh network design. There are different aspects and methods for designing effective wireless mesh networks. These designs considers two possibilities. Either the designs improves performance of an existing network or plan deployment of a new network. A survey on these designs reveals these issues. [13] In the last few decades the number of researches in the field of design, deployment and improvement of performances in wireless mesh networks have been raised significantly. The clients and routers in a wireless mesh network are part of it. The clients have maximum mobility whereas the routers must have minimal mobility. It poses a requirement while selection of nodes as gateways. The routers with minimal mobility forms the backbone of a wireless mesh network. [14] Traditional clients of the wireless mesh network have access to the backbone. Wireless mesh networks can be integrated with other types of networks like cellular network, Internet, sensor based network, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.11 etc. The integration is accomplished by bridging and use of gateways by the mesh routers. The clients in a wireless mesh network can be either mobile or static. There may be a mesh network of clients and another mesh network of routers. Wireless mesh networks gives significant advantage s over wireless local area network or WLAN, wireless metropolitan area network or WMAN, wireless personal area network or WPAN, ad hoc networks by overcoming the limitations of these kinds of networks. Wireless mesh networks can deliver better wireless connectivity service to larger geographical areas. In spite of several researches still there are challenges in wireless mesh networks at protocol levels.. The research paper from Akyildiz, Wang and Wang shows a survey of the WMNs. It has outlines different issues with WMNs from protocol design to gateway selection. It also shows the calculation for the theoretical capacity of the network and other protocols. [15], [16] The paper by Papadaki and Friderikos discusses about the issues related to planning and routing optimisation in a wireless and multihop mesh netwrk. The paper is focused on mathematical formulations. It deals with capacitated and uncapacitated selection of gateways and routing in wireless mesh networks. Mathematically, the problem of selection of gateways in a wireless and multihop network is an NP-Complete problem. So, only approximation is possible to this problem. The scholars have extended the formultion of the problem to the capacitated scenrio. There are several evidences that the research shows significant improvents within a very little optimal gap in a realistic netowork. Their works have shown solutions to the problems related to modeling in WMNs, for example restrictions on the number of hops in a routing sub tree, multi rate transmissions, declaration of unreliability is leaves of a routing tree etc.. The main goal of gateway selection in a wireless mesh netowork is optimazation of the performance of the network. The performance can be measured by several metrics and quality of Service or QoS. [17] There are numerous factors that affects the QoS in a wireless mesh netowork. Some of the important ones are, number of gateways, number of nodes under a gateway, location of a gateway in the topology of the network, relay load, faireness in access to the gateway and internet, range of transmission etc. [18] , [19] As it has been already said that the problem of finding the solution to the selection of gateway in a wireless mesh netowork is NP-Complete. So, finidng a solution to the problem by satisfying all factors of the QoS is NP hard. But, a optimal solution, neares to the actual solution can be found out through different approximation methods. There are heuristic algorithms that helps in finding out a polynomial time algorithm for the optimal solutions. In the paper by Drabu and Pe yravi shows such an solution for the problem of selection and placement of gateways in a wireless mesh network. They have used some results from some previous works in the similar field for comparing the sub optimal results with their work.. [20] Research Methods In this research, it will try to address all issues with gateway selection in WMNs, what are the causes and what may be possible countermeasures. For that purpose, there will be primarily extensive literature review on related topics. Also there will be simulations if required. Ethical Issues The research will follow all norms, rules and ethical considerations while carrying out the research process. No information will be collected from unauthorized sources and without proper citation. All details about the simulation and literature reviews will be listed. No results will be stolen from other peoples work. The research will follow all six principles of ethics in research. Those are, Assurance of integrity and quality of research. If required, then it will ask for and provide consent from respective entities. If needed, it will ensure confidentiality of the participants in the research. It will not force any participating entity in the research. The research will be impartial and independent. However, it will use the resources from current and previous searches and academic resources. But all these usage will be properly cited. Facilities and Resources The research will depend heavily on previous and current works on wireless mesh network and other technologies. So, most of the resources will be academic papers, journal and reports. Some of these Data Storage All data related to this project will be handled and stored ethically and securely. It will not intentionally breach any data privacy or protection laws. Timeline The timeline for the research is in appendix 1 Conclusion In this research proposal, it has covered some works on gateway selection problem and then it has stated the research goals, background etc. The proposal also describes the data storage, timeline, facilities and resources of the research. It outlines an overview of the research on selection of the gateway in wireless mesh network problem. The future work is following the proposal and carrying out the research successfully. References [1] J. Xie and X. Wang, "A Survey of Mobility Management in Hybrid Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE, 2008. [2] M. Portmann and A. A. Pirzada, "Wireless Mesh Networks for Public Safety and Crisis Management Applications," IEEE, 2008. [3] S. Tajima, T. Higashino, N. Funabiki and S. Yoshida, "An Internet Gateway Access-Point Selection Problem for Wireless Infrastructure Mesh Networks," IEEE. [4] D. Benyamina, A. Hafid and M. Gendreau, "Optimal Placement of Gateways in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks: A Clustering-based Approach.," in IEEE 34th Conference on Local Computer Networks, Switzerland;, 2009. [5] Y. Hu, W. He, S. Yang and Y. Zhou, "Multi-Gateway Multi-Path Routing Protocol for 802.11s WMN," IEEE, 2010. [6] U. Ashraf, S. Abdellatif and G. Juanole, "Gateway Selection in Backbone Wireless Mesh Networks," in WCNC 2009 proceedings, 2009. [7] K. Papadaki and V. Friderikos, "Gateway selection and routing in wireless mesh networks," Computer Networks, vol. 54, p. 319329, 2009. [8] W. Wu, J. Luo and M. Yang, "Gateway placement optimization for load balancing in Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE, 2009. [9] F. Zeng and Z. Chen, "Load Balancing Placement of Gateways in Wireless Mesh Networks with QoS Constraints," IEEE, 2008. [10] T. Aure and F. Y. Li, "An Optimized Path-Selection Using Airtime Metric in OLSR Networks: Implementation and Testing," IEEE, 2008. [11] B. He, B. Xie and D. P. Agrawal, "Optimizing the Internet Gateway Deployment in a Wireless Mesh Network," IEEE, 2007. [12] W. Liu, H. Nishiyama, N. Kato, Y. Shimizu and Tomoaki, "A Novel Gateway Selection Technique for Throughput Optimization in Configurable Wireless Mesh Networks," International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 195-203, 2013. [13] D. Benyamina, A. Hafid and M. Gendreau, "Wireless Mesh Networks Design - a survey". [14] E. Bortnikov, I. C. I. Keidar and T. K. A. Vaisman, "AQoS WMN with Mobility Support," Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 12, no. 1. [15] I. F. Akyildiz, X. Wang and W. Wang, "Wireless mesh networks: a survey," Computer Networks, p. 445487, 2005. [16] P. H. Pathak and R. Dutta, "A Survey of Network Design Problems and," North Carolina State University. [17] Y. Drabu and H. Peyravi, "Gateway Placement with QoS Constraints in Wireless Mesh Networks," IEEE, 2008. [18] J. J. Galvez, P. M. Ruiz and A. F. Skarmeta, "Responsive on-line gateway load-balancing for wireless mesh networks," Ad Hoc Networks, 2012. [19] B. Aoun, R. Boutaba, Y. Iraqi and G. Kenward, "Gateway Placement Optimization in Wireless Mesh Networks With QoS Constraints," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 2127-2136, 2006. [20] E. Ancillotti, R. Bruno and M. Conti, "Load-balanced Routing and Gateway Selection in Wireless Mesh Networks: Design,Implementation and Experimentation," IEEE, 2010. Appendix 1

The Long Voyage

In his narrative The Long Voyage, Jorge Semprun tells about his voyage to a concentrated camp called â€Å"Buchenwald†, interspersing it with his memories of before and after the voyage. The peculiar detail about the book id the mode of its development: Semprun often uses switches between external to internal setting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Long Voyage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is more, this tool is used both for literary internal and external settings, e.g. physical locations, and for general notions, such as internal and external sides of politics. This shift plays an outstanding role in the plot’s presentation. It gives a chance for the author to compare and contrast many elements of the book including his external state as a character in the book and the stream of conscious in his narration. The contrast between the external and internal, however, is not only used for in tensifying the aspects of reality and its perception in different views; Semprun also tries to show the interdependence of global things and some particular notions. Showing that a person is just a small detail in the enormous system of the world, the author later transfers to the inner world of one individual, showing that it can be as great as a separate Universe. The rapid changes of the setting, from internal to external, add an important complication to the narrative. Each change conveys a special message. In fact, the nature of human consciousness suggests that people think with images, and their order is never chronologically or logically organized. Thus, Semprun tried to express the stream of those images in his narrative, showing the importance of every thought. Those images, however, are either described in detail, or rather blended. This points to the author’s inability or even unwilling to remember certain moments, e.g. those connected to his trauma. â€Å"†¦You can never erase this voyage. I dont know, really. For sixteen years I’ve tried to forget this voyage, and I did forget this voyage.† (Semprun, 23) Semprun is addressing the reader here, subtly asking us to sympathize with what he’s feeling. After clarifying his emotions, Semprun then returns to continue his story with a series of dialogue between him and the guy from Semur, his companion throughout the narration. This character, by the way, can be identified as fictional, as it was invented by Semprun to â€Å"keep him company† during the voyages’ repetition. The companion also helps the author to switch from internal to external, form the author’s thought to his companion’s vision of the thoughts.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tool of contrasting the inside and outside also serves as an intensifier of authorâ€⠄¢s testimony. For example, in one of the episodes Semprun first describes the setting outside the boxcar, and then switches to the inside, describing how many people there are; he then expresses how unbearable it is to be one of them, and finally ends by describing the pain in his knee. â€Å"There is a cramming of the bodies into the boxcar, the throbbing pain in the right knee† (Semprun, 9). Such development of vivid description from the general events to his very own feelings allows the Semprun to analyze every level of reality, showing the inconveniences, pain and fear, or simply his current emotions on each of them. What is more, it allows the reader not only to imagine, but also to feel the horror inside the boxcar. The impressiveness is supported by the contrast of fear and tension inside the boxcar and the beauty of the Moselle valley outside the window. The people experiencing terror inside the vehicle observed the life of free and troubles people on their way, whic h intensified the effect. Such contrast is, however, rather dubious, as the â€Å"free† people outside the window were treated by Semprun as those who were politically dependent, and in perspective oppressed. The reflections of the inside and outside change the traditional positions of both the writer and the reader. For instance, in some cases, the narrator seems to discover the development of plot together with the reader. Indeed, in some scenes Semprun builds the narration in a way that shows his uncertainty in the situation, and the change of external and internal seems to help the narrator to find the solution. In other cases, the author seems to be watching the situation on the neutral situation, just like the described events are not happening to him. He also uses statements, which were apparently made by him, but which are familiar to everyone who might read them: â€Å"What carries the most weight in your life are the people you’ve known† (Semprun, 29). This statement expressed by Semprun integrates the readers into the author’s world, with his unbelievable experience of knowing a number of people, and, most significantly, losing majority of them. Indisputably, this allows us perceiving the world though the author’s eyes, which is untypical of most readers, who never had similar experiences. This makes the reader and the writer much closer than in traditional setting. When the author tells about the experience of fifteen years, the reader gets the feeling of being of the same age with author. Apparently, such effect is due to proper use of the mentioned tools.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Long Voyage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between inside and outside in the narration reflects various important notions. For instance, the notion of survival is presented in the contrast: in the most strict conditions people can be fi lled with desire to live, and this helps them to survive; on the other hand, even when a human has freedom, their inner world does not always survive. This can be supported by the example of the German woman: both of her children were dead, and her own survival therefore was of no value to her. â€Å"†Both my sons,† she says, â€Å"both my sons were killed in the war.† She throws the bodies of her two sons at me for fodder, she takes refuge behind the lifeless bodies of her two sons killed in the war. She’s trying to make me believe that all a counter-balance for all my dead friends, for the weight of their ashes, she’s offering the weight of her own suffering.† (Semprun, 45). Similarly, the author presents the notion of return. Having told about his will to return, he turns back to the global understanding of what is happening, and assumes that â€Å"perhaps one can’t take this voyage back in the opposite direction† (Semprun, 23 ). Such conclusion serves as a contrast between the author’s thoughts and wills, and the real life; it reveals the very essence of human nature, which suggest that every individual has its own perception of the world, reflected in his mind; this perception, however, does not always coincide it the order of things. As far as everyone is just a unit of a complex system, people cannot make the world work by their own rules. In this respect, the author shows how helpless he is in the flow of his destiny; he was not to decide whether to take the voyage or not. Switching of the inner and outer is an effective tool used in the narration. In addition, it can be viewed as the author’s personal philosophy of world perception. Indeed, the contrasts of internal and external teach us to take into consideration the different factors of our life. In words of math analysis, they can be define as â€Å"dependent† and â€Å"independent† variables, which are either set by a n individual, or appear according to the greater plan. Works Cited Semprun, J The Long Voyage New York: Overlook Press, 2005.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Long Voyage was written and submitted by user Zander P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.